Hello Bryan,
these errors occur if you try to update HANA and dont have the needed rights. Note that the chmod 754 is not helping here as the underlying right structure of the directories is unaffected.
It did work on hana prior SPS 09, SPS 10 - and I'm glad they fixed this from an linux admin point of view (setting files to something with 7 in it is the worst way of avoiding user space limitations IMHO)
To upgrade HANA you first have to put the 2 packed sapcar files into a directory that can be accessed by the hana shell user, typically sth like "ndbadm"; you then unpack the files using sapcar and after that issue a "chown -R ndbadm:sapsys /path/*" (where path is the path to the files) over the newly extracted files. you then run the install using the hdbmlc or hdbmlcgui commands (note: run this one as root! - also note that hdbmlcgui is the sap advised way of doing it; either way: make 100% sure the AFL update is listed and ticked! the AFL upgrade can't be done after the HANA upgrade but has to be run prior it! the hdbmlc(gui) takes care of this as long it is ticked in the dialog);
upgrade should now work as the directories are owned now by the ndbadm-user that gets handed over the work from the parent shell installer process;
Best,
Korbinian
PS: always do a full instance backup using the studio prior any HANA update procedure and secure these files!